In act four of The Crucible, Arthur miller shows the varying views of :: Essay on The Crucible

In act four of The Crucible, Arthur miller shows the varying views of justice of the characters How does Arthur Miller use a range of dramatic techniques in Act 4 to conclude his exploration of the theme of justice? In act four of ‘‘The Crucible’’, Arthur Miller shows a turning point for some of the characters and that they have an unfair and incorrect viewpoint of justice. In order to understand this, we need to look at how harshly John Proctor comes about to be judged by his wife and himself. Another key idea to explore is how Judge Danforth does not seem very fair in making judgements, as he believes he is honest and scrupulous whereas he is a strong believer of theocracy and his view of justice is warped. Another of the writer’s concerns is how a society ensures justice and fairness when it believes that its fundamental beliefs are under attack. John Proctor is at first one of the only characters in Salem who sees the injustices of the court. Due to his ethical and moral beliefs, he believes that by the end, the right thing will come about and justice will be served. Proctor is able to see that Abigail is using her authority to get rid of Elizabeth so she can take her place as his wife. "I'll not give my wife to vengeance." By saving his wife and friends, he himself ends up condemned. He does the right thing and dies for it, and once again, the court failed to recognise the truth because they were relying on their rulings of intangible evidence. By the end, Proctor seems purified as he does what is good even if it is going to kill him. In the film version, an extra scene shows Abigail talking to Proctor while he is imprisoned where she asks him to run away with her. However, by this time it is apparent that his feelings for her have changed and blue lights show this coldness. It becomes obvious that by this time he does not care about Abigail and even hates her. Furthermore, Proctor seems to take on the role of Jesus as he was persecuted and executed in similar ways to him. In addition, just before Proctor was hanged, Elizabeth said to him â€Å"You take my sins upon you† and Jesus took other people’s sins and died for them. These dramatic techniques cause the audience to think of Proctor as a heroic person who has done nothing wrong. Proctor’s pride was the main reason for his death because he felt bad about what he had done with Abigail and then lied to try to save his

Bureaucracy and Max Weber

CONTENT INTRODUCTION2 CHARACTERISTICS OF MAX WEBER THEORY OF BUREAUCRACY2 CRITICS TOWARDS MAX WEBER’S THEORY5 ADVANTAGES OF MAX WEBER THEORIES6 CONCLUSION7 BIBLIOGRAPHY8 1. 0 Introduction According to Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter in their book titled Management, bureaucracy can be defined as a form of organisation characterised by division of labour, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationship. Bureaucracy usually gives a negative meaning in life. When it comes to bureaucracy, automatically people would imagine things like red-tape, filled form with too many information and too detail, small problems become complicated because of the rule to be abided and others. Even though we normally equalize bureaucracy with inefficiency, but the truth is, it represents efficiency because the advantages are more than disadvantages. Bureaucracy also can be regarded as an effective way created in order to move to a big organization. The bigger and complicated a formal organization, the greater requirement needed to control and synchronize every member’s activities. The necessities can be fulfilled by bureaucracy, which is an authority structure operated under a rules and procedures. Max Weber defines organization as a social mechanism that maximizes efficiency and effectiveness in administration. 2. 0 Characteristics of Bureaucracy by Max Weber Weber's focus on the trend of rationalization led him to concern himself with the operation and expansion of large-scale enterprises in both the public and private sectors of modern societies Bureaucracy can be considered to be a particular case of rationalization, or rationalization applied to uman organization. Bureaucratic coordination of human action, Weber believed, is the distinctive mark of modern social structures. In order to study these organizations, both historically and in contemporary society, Weber developed the characteristics of an ideal-type bureaucracy: 2. 0. 1 Written Rules of Conduct According to Weber, all decisions, rules and actions taken by the organization are formulated and rec orded in writing. Written documents ensure that there is continuity of the organization’s policies and procedures. Cutajar, 2010) Weber stressed that rational bureaucracies must be managed in accordance with carefully developed rules and principles that can be learned and applied and that transactions and decisions must be recorded so that rules can he reviewed. Only with such rules and principles can the activities of hundreds of managers at different levels in the organization be predicted and coordinated. If we cannot predict what others will do, then we cannot count on them. 2. 0. 2 Hierarchy of Authority Hierarchical authority is required in bureaucracies so that highly trained experts can be properly used as managers. (Borgatti, 2002) The type of authority laid down by Weber rests on the belief of in the legality of formal rules and hierarchies, and in the right of those elevated in the hierarchy to posses authority and issues command. Authority is given to the officials based on their skills, position and authority placed formally in each position. For instance, officer graduated from universities is respected more than the officer with no qualification from universities. He will be given more authorities and issues command. 2. 0. 3 Hierarchical Structure According to Weber, bureaucracies are goal-oriented organizations designed according to rational principles in order to efficiently attain their goals. Offices are ranked in a hierarchical order, with information flowing up the chain of command, directives flowing down. It was self-evident that coordinating the divisions of large organizations requires clear lines of authority organized in a hierarchy. That means there are clear levels of graded authority. All employees in the organization must know who their boss is, and each person should always respect the chain of command; that is, people should give orders only to their own subordinates and receive orders only through their own immediate superior In this way, the people at the top can be sure that directives arrive where they are meant to go and know where responsibilities lie. 2. 0. 4 Division of Labour Division of labour or in other word, specialization of division, means each office has a defined sphere of competence. The tasks of the organization are divided into distinct functions given to separate offices. These functions are clearly specified so that the staff know exactly what is expected of them. Job-holders are given the authority necessary to carry out their roles. Weber's idea of functional specialization applies both to persons within an organization and to relations between larger units or divisions of the organization. Stephen P. Borgatti in his article titled bureaucracy give an example of division of labour by Swift & Co. In his article, within a Swift packing plant, work was broken down into many special tasks, and employees were assigned to one or a few such tasks, including the tasks involved in coordinating the work of others. So, Swift was separated into a number of divisions, each specializing in one of the tasks in the elaborate process of bringing meat from the ranch to the consumer. Weber argued that such specialization is essential to a rational bureaucracy and that the specific boundaries separating one functional division from another must be fixed by explicit rules, regulations, and procedures. Borgatti, 2002) 2. 0. 5 Impersonality of Relationship Impersonality means  no hatred or passion with equality of treatment for all clients of the organization. It means, there must be no individual objectives are allowed. All people must follow the organization objectives. In other word, staff members are free of any external responsibilities and constraints so that they are able to attend to the ir duties in a fair and objective way. For example, work is separated from residence in order to separate personal duty and objective of the organization. 2. 0. Lifelong Career Commitment Weber stressed that employment in the organization should be seen as a career for officials. An official is a full-time employee, and anticipate a lifelong career. After an introduction period, the employee is given tenure, which protects the employee from arbitrary dismissal. The organization should create a better working scheme such as clear promotion route and good remuneration scheme. Max Weber viewed these bureaucratic elements as solutions to problems or defects within earlier and more traditional administrative systems. Likewise, he viewed these elements as parts of a total system, which, combined and instituted effectively, would increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the administrative structure. 3. 0 Critics toward Max Weber Theories of Bureaucracy There are various critics from public administration philosophers toward bureaucracy theory generated by max Weber. 3. 0. 1 Rigid Rules and Uncreative Weber lined out that the characteristics of his theory on bureaucracy is on hierarchical authority structure. However, the consequences that the organization has to bear is the lost of ability to generate new ideas. There are problems among lower officers due to hierarchical structure. It is because, in hierarchy, order is given by upper officer to the lower officer. The lower officer accepts the instruction without an opportunity to give their own opinion or ideas. So, there were no generation of new ideas and no any check and balance happen. A good organization should involve employees in decision making. 3. 0. 2 Slow Decision Making Process Because of Weber’s theory stressed on hierarchical authority, the decision making process become ineffective. It slows down the process. The decision is all coming from the top management. So, it takes too long for the information to reach the employees. 3. 0. 3 Exploitation of Position and Power Weber’s theory of bureaucracy could lead to exploitation. His suggestion on the use of written rule of conduct can bring problems. A. W Gouldner (1954) noticed that the ‘govern according to rules’ culture in organization caused the consequences of members following the minimum possible rules in order to get by. So, in bureaucratic organization, employees who know to twist the rules would gradually or evidently be more powerful. In consequence, power will have a tendency to shift from a nominal leader of the organization, who did not know how to play by the rules, to employee who really did. 3. 0. 4 Work is not Challenging In bureaucratic theory suggested by Weber, a promotion system is not encouraged. He prefers to use a system based on seniority or qualification in department exams. It means, all the promotions are based on the period he has worked on the organization or the answers on the exam paper. Therefore, there is no earnestness in work because the promotion system is not based on efficiency. The duties also are the same everyday and can create boredom among the officers. 3. 0. 5 Nonresponsive The theories suggested by Weber did not reflect to changes. Reflection is in the term of attitude and speed of changes or adjustments with the changes. For example, when people deal with government agencies or department, bureaucracy cannot help to accelerate the process, meanwhile increase the burden they have to take. The people have to pass through many processes before their problems can be settled. 4. The Advantages of Max Weber Theories of Bureaucracy Weber’s bureaucracy is based on logic and rationality which are supported by trained and qualified specialists. The element of a bureaucracy offers a stable and hierarchical model for an organization. 4. 0. 1 Prevent Misuse of Power Max Weber theories of bureaucracy prevent the misuse of power. It stressed the impersonality of relationship where the officers must distinguish the duties from personal matters. Often happen i n organization where officers use the facilities of the office for personal works. For example, an executive officer used to call his driver to fetch his daughter from school. This action cannot be legalised by the theory. This action shows how the officer used the facilities of the office for personal works. So, by applying the Max Weber theories, an officer can distinguish between the duties and personal matters. 4. 0. 2 Decision is rationalised Bureaucracy practises rational concept is where every decision is based on the objectives and criteria set by the public. Decision being made is not bias as it free from personal matters. It contributes in democracy through technical ability, not because of heritage of family relation in order to obtain certain position. 4. 0. 3 Clear and Written Records The characteristics of Max Weber bureaucracy lined up the need of written rules of conduct. It also stressed the documentation of any decision made. The advantage of this action is that it can be referred easily and any problems arise can be settled without rebuttal when there is a set of rules of conduct. 4. 0. 4 Specialization of Works Bureaucracy enables officers to know in depth on their tasks as the task is divided among them. The specialization also can decrease the burden of duties of the officer and can gradually increase their productivity. Besides that, it is easier for the management to choose among its officers whom are really capable to perform certain tasks. 4. 0. 5 Increase Efficiency and Effectiveness According to Weber, bureaucracies are goal-oriented organizations designed according to rational principles in order to efficiently attain their goals. Offices are ranked in a hierarchical order, with information flowing up the chain of command, directives flowing down. Operations of the organizations are characterized by impersonal rules that explicitly state duties, responsibilities, standardized procedures and conduct of office holders. Offices are highly specialized. Appointments to these offices are made according to specialized qualifications rather than ascribed criteria. All of these ideal characteristics have one goal, to promote the efficient attainment of the organization's goals. 5. 0 Conclusion Some have seriously misinterpreted Weber and have claimed that he liked bureaucracy, that he believed that bureaucracy was an â€Å"ideal† organization. Others have pronounced Weber â€Å"wrong† because bureaucracies do not live up to his list of â€Å"ideals. †Ã‚   Others have even claimed that Weber â€Å"invented† bureaucratic organization. But Weber described bureaucracy as an â€Å"ideal type† in order to more accurately describe their growth in power and scope in the modern world. The bureaucratic coordination of the action of large numbers of people has become the dominant structural feature of modern societies. It is only through this organizational device that large-scale planning and coordination, both for the modern state and the modern economy, become possible. The consequences of the growth in the power and scope of these organizations is vital to understanding our world. Bibliography Borgatti, S. P. (2002, April 02). analytictech. com. Retrieved March 10, 2011, from Bureaucracy: http://www. analytictech. com/mb021/bureau. htm Cutajar, M. (2010, July 29). Max Weber Bureaucracy Theory. Retrieved March 10, 2011, from suite101. com: http://www. suite101. com/content/max-weber-bureaucracy-theory-a267433

The Role of Religions in America - 680 Words

Did you know that according to Procon’s polls, there are over 300 religions in the United States? Monotheisms, polytheisms, pantheisms, and atheism make up these 300 religions. Although the United States may be one of the freest countries in many fields such as freedom of the press, its censorship level is the fourth lowest in the world according to Reporters Without Borders, I believe that freedom of religion isn’t one of its more free fields. For example, the national motto is â€Å"In God We Trust,† which shows the United States that it is a monotheistic country and not secular; no separation of government and church, another example is the controversial â€Å"under God† in the pledge of allegiance. Although some atheists and polytheists believe that the words â€Å"under God† should be `removed from the pledge of allegiance, it may be argued that it should be kept. The word â€Å"God† may only apply to Christianity and Judaism monotheists , although the United States is a religiously free country, allowing monotheists, polytheists, and atheists to practice their religion freely. The Pledge of Allegiance was initially written in 1892 in a magazine, but it didn’t contain the words â€Å"Under God,† actually it wasn’t in there until 1954. It was required to be recited in schools in 1940, it, however, was repealed three years later for â€Å"political reasons.† Presently, if you attend a public school in the United States, you are encouraged, but not required to state the pledge of allegiance, whichShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Role of Religion in the Formation of America1962 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of Religion in the Formation of America Religion has played a large role throughout History. Entire nations have been founded on the ideals of one religion or another, and many wars have been fought purely for religious reasons. In fact there are wars still going on that are almost completely religiously motivated. New Religions may form, old religions may die or change, but they will always be a part of our culture and society. Religion always seems to play a large role in theRead MoreShaping Colonial America Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesMany different things affected the shaping of colonial America in the new world. Factors such as colonialism, geography, and religion affected the way North America was formed and dictated how other people look at colonial America. Colonialism affected America’s demographic and also the ease of forming colonies in the new world. Geography also played a roll in shaping the identity of America. Geography affected where people settled based on the layout of rivers, ocean, and wa terways. People alsoRead MoreAnalysis Of The Hands Of An Angry God 1328 Words   |  6 PagesChanging Roles 　　In society, many people have a diversity of opinions about the role of an individual. In the past, many argued that being dedicated to religion is the role of an individual. As time progresses, people started to claim that benefiting society is the individual’s role in society. In Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, author Johnathan Edwards explains that God hates people and will punish them unless they decide to follow God. Like Edwards’s sermon, in What Think Ye of Christ?, GeorgeRead MoreEssay Role of Religion in Early American Literature619 Words   |  3 PagesRole of Religion in Early American Literature American Literature, especially of the early settler and colonial period is marked by a deep sense of religion and a stress upon writing about matters related to religion. The development of early American literature thus can be seen to be a reflection of the religious ideals followed by the early settlers and colonists and it became a means of promoting a moral and ethical way of life. Early American literature is filled with an obvious expressionRead More Belief in a God is necessary for a moral society Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesnecessary for a moral society Religion in the world has always been considered a rather important aspect of society. Although this is true, there are still people that question the existence of God. A survey done among 1000 people showed that 65 percent of Americans believe that religion is losing its influence on American life (Sheler, 8). Even so, Belief in a God is necessary for a moral society because since the beginning of history man has always made up some sort of role model to explain events andRead MoreBelief in a God Is Necessary for a Moral Society1044 Words   |  5 Pagesnecessary for a moral society Religion in the world has always been considered a rather important aspect of society. Although this is true, there are still people that question the existence of God. A survey done among 1000 people showed that 65 percent of Americans believe that religion is losing its influence on American life (Sheler, 8). Even so, Belief in a God is necessary for a moral society because since the beginning of history man has always made up some sort of role model to explain events andRead MoreChurch-state Relations in America1017 Words   |  4 Pages Church-state relations in America has been widely discussed and hotly debated. One school of thought holds that the church should be absolutely separated from the state, while another holds that the church plays a moral role in state building and its sanctity, without which the state risks falling apart. In my discussion of the church-state relations, I will show that the history of church-state relations has a Constitutional background. I will a ttempt to discuss the two schools of thought and howRead MoreEssay Democracy in America1301 Words   |  6 Pagessociety began to spread among the Americans, the equality of gender, the role of women, and the family began to change into an individualistic culture. In the United States, democracy opens up new beliefs on equality among the role of gender. In Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville argues on how Americans were able to see the roles of gender more equally important than the Europeans. The Americans recognize the roles of the women and men important in being part as a contribution in the communityRead MoreReligion Has Played An Important Role In The History Of1108 Words   |  5 Pages Religion has played an important role in the history of the United States and in creating the colonies of the New World in many ways. Religion was definitely one of the major reasons for the establishment of the colonies. The early colonists wanted the freedom to worship God as t hey seen as proper, and they were promised this freedom of worship. Most of these colonies were deeply rooted in their religious beliefs. Religion strongly influenced the social and political life of the colonial timesRead MoreThe United States And Invasion Of Afghanistan1327 Words   |  6 Pagesfull five stars on the BBC audit, declaring it a war based on religion. The Islamic State’s attack on September 11, 2001 cause the United States and its idea of democracy to assume the role of a symbolic religion. The United States took on the role of the enemy of the Islamic State due to their unwanted involvement in the Middle East. In the 1990’s the United States had desecrated mosques, which was an insult to the Muslim religion. The United States also aided in the formation of the state of

Database Plan for Riordan Manufacturing Material Ordering

Learning Team C Database Plan for Riordan Manufacturing Material Ordering Kishan Bhagan Amir Bashir Eric Berger Shawn Chandler Debra Hanzlik University of Phoenix DBM 500 October 22, 2006 Facilitator: Dr. Gary Page Table of Contents Introduction Database Plan Description Database Plan Purpose Project Plan E-R Diagrams A Description of the Normalization of the Database UML Diagrams Class Diagram Use Case Sequence Diagram Database Administration Plan Disaster Recovery Plan Risk Assessment - Impact Communication Plan Ââ€" Roles and Responsibilities Prevention Plan Implementation Plan Disaster Recovery Process Introduction This manual defines the comprehensive database plan for Riordan†¦show more content†¦For the first normal form stage to be reached, there are a few requirements that must be met. First, the database attributes will be checked to make sure that all the key attributes have been included within the entities. Second, each cell will contain only one value and not a group of values. A cell is the intersection between the columns and rows. Third, all of the key attributes that have been defined should be dependent on the primary key. The Riordan Manufacturing database entities contains all of the necessary attributes for each entity and each of these attributes are dependent on the primary key and each cell only contains one value. The Riordan Manufacturing database is in first normal form. For the second normal form stage to be reached, there are only two requirements that will need to be satisfied. One of these is that the database must already be in the first normal form. The other requirement is that the database must not include any partial dependencies. All of the attributes have to be dependent on the whole primary key. The Riordan Manufacturing database is in second normal form since there are no partial dependencies. For the third normal form stage to be reached, there are again only two requirements that must be satisfied. The first one is that the database must already be in the second normalShow MoreRelatedExecutive Summary of Business Processes1183 Words   |  5 Pagesrequirements for computer system enhancements. Riordan Manufacturing needs these enhancements to improve its inventory and manufacturing processes. Executive Summary About Riordan Manufacturing (RM) Dr. Riordan, a chemist, started Riordan Plastics in 1991 as a research and development company based on patents for creating high tensile strength plastic products. Riordan Plastics added manufacturing operations and became Riordan Manufacturing (RM) in 1992 (Apollo Group, Inc., 2006). RM employsRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing Paper2459 Words   |  10 PagesRiordan Manufacturing has grown from a small plastics research and development firm to a multinational plastics manufacturing power in the brief span of 14 years. This growth has seen Riordan expand their operation to multiple manufacturing and distribution points across North America and China. Riordan now services over 32 customers of varying size, including automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, appliance manufacturers, and beverage bottlers. This rapidRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesRiordan Manufacturing Executive Summary: As a Fortune 1000 enterprise, and an industry leader in the field of plastic injection molding, Riordan Manufacturing, offers state-of-the art plastics design capabilities through its facilities in San Jose, California; Albany, Georgia; Pontiac, Michigan; and Hang Zhou, China. Currently, Riordans COO, Hugh McCauley, and the executive team have requested changes to the current information system used to maintain inventory and manufacturing processesRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing Executive Summary1607 Words   |  7 PagesRiordan Manufacturing Executive Summary Ryan Schnabel The University of Phoenix CIS 319 Computer Information Processing Dave Karpinsky March 24, 2005 Executive Summary: As a Fortune 1000 enterprise, and an industry leader in the field of plastic injection molding, Riordan Manufacturing, offers state-of-the art plastics design capabilities through its facilities in San Jose, California; Albany, Georgia; Pontiac, Michigan; and Hang Zhou, China. Currently, Riordans COO, Hugh McCauley, andRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing IS Upgrade Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesRiordan Manufacturing IS Upgrade Executive Summary IS updates at Riordan Manufacturing are necessary to meet future goals. We would like to be your partner, helping you reach the $50 million dollar revenue target. (Riordan Manufacturing Intranet, 2005) Your current information systems state will not enable Riordan to achieve this mark, especially in the finance, accounting and inventory areas. We will demonstrate how systems upgrades at your Atlanta, Georgia and Pontiac, Michigan plants willRead MoreFinal Paper Bsa/3752199 Words   |  9 Pages This proposal has been prepared for Riordan Manufacturing Company by the BSA/375 Learning Team Corporation. We are pleased to provide this proposal and look forward to working closely with members of the Riordan Manufacturing team. After careful analysis and review, we are confident that our recommendations will greatly enhance Riordan Manufacturing and place them firmly in the lead amongst other companies. In order to create a successful business plan, we first conducted a needs analysis andRead MoreAn Mrp Solution for Riordan Manufacturing5037 Words   |  21 PagesAn MRP Solution for Riordan Manufacturing Table of Contents Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Scope †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Project Feasibility †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Current Operating State †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Requirements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Future Operating State †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 System Components †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 System Architecture †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSystem Design Project Part Ii3662 Words   |  15 Pagescurrent environment, for Riordan s departments, is requiring increased labor in order to process information. The slow consolidation of the operational processes of two divisions with different operation software has become a financial threat to Riordan Manufacturing. Each of the divisions lacks modern technology that is needed to run a highly efficient corporation. Therefore, there is not enough information being shared between customers, sales, finance, manufacturing, and management. The upgradesRead MoreMaterial Requirements Planning System4256 Words   |  18 Pagesï ¿ ½ ï ¿ ½ ï ¿ ½Material Requirements Planning ï ¿ ½ PAGE ï ¿ ½2ï ¿ ½ Material Requirements Planning (MRP) System - Riordan Manufacturing XXXX University of Phoenix BSA/375 XXXX XXXX ï ¿ ½ Abstract At the request of the Chief Operations Officer and the Vice President Operations, Riordan Manufacturing, an evaluation was requested for the development of a Material Requirements Planning (MRP) system. The system is to track and manage raw materials as well as finished product inventory throughout Riordan ManufacturingRead MoreRiordan Service Request - Supply Chain2185 Words   |  9 PagesSummary Riordan Manufacturing â€Å"is a plastics manufacturer employing 550 people with projected annual earnings of $46 million.† (Riordan, 2004) The company headquarters is located in San Jose, California and production sites within Pontiac, Michigan and Albany, Georgia. The Michigan location is responsible for the injection molding process, creating of dies, custom fabrication, design and coloring of plastics. The Georgia site creates unique plastic bottles as specified by the customer. Riordan expanded

The Benefits and Challenges of Developing Play/Leisure...

All children have a right to play; (Article 31, United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) it can provide knowledge in their understanding of their environment. Play is a way for children to learn about their environment and how interactions occur within it. Children’s buoyancy develops through play, however, some children may experience stressful occurrences during their existence, and therefore, the adult’s role in facilitating a child’s play is a crucial measure towards that childs development. For those adults that work with children experience the skilfulness to prompt or even contribute to a child’s play, which is a principle constituent to therapeutic alliance. However, for those children mentioned above, what happens†¦show more content†¦Compound flexibility is the idea that a child’s psychological development occurs using the relationship between his/her environment with the adaptability of the child himself. Thus the f lexibility of surroundings and his/her adaptableness can provide children the means to explore; experiment and investigate (Brown, 2003, pp. 53-4). On the contrary, the absence of play in a child can inhibit overall development, and without the consistencies of play children suffer a â€Å"chronic lack of sensory interaction with the world, [which leads to] a form of sensory deprivation† (Hughes, 2001, p.217). Therefore, allowing children to experience play is crucial in enhancing overall development. Since it is associated with a child’s natural phenomena, play can provide children with the attributes of managing; developing and understanding through the interpretation of experiences via the body and mind, this ability allows children to use play as a â€Å"coping strategy† (Erikson 1965 in McMahon, 2009, p.21). Unfortunately children who encounter stressful circumstances may suffer in developmental wellbeing, which in turnShow MoreRelatedBusiness Tourism- Main Characteristics , Benfits and Problems Facing the Industry1731 Words   |  7 Pagesdefine it from the other types of tourism, and I would mention it in order to explain the importance of the industry. This report is showing the importance of business tourism in the modern world, its benefits and advantages comparing to the other types of tourism and highlighting all the challenges and problems the industry is facing these days.First, i will explain why business tourism has developed so much since 1950s, and what are the treats of business tourism crucial to its further developmentRead MoreThe Foundation Phase Curriculum Completed1318 Words   |  6 Pagescultural diversity to form a core area† which is also a statutory area of learning as well as a key message. â€Å"Are listened to, treated with respect, and are able to have their race and cultural identity recognised†, â€Å"have access to play, leisure, sporting and cultural activities†- The Learning Country 2 : Delivering the Promise (WAG, 2006) The government stresses that children should receive an education in line with the framework. However, according to some theorists such as Montessori, who believe thatRead MorePlanning Leisure Activities for Disadvantaged Groups Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesWhen planning leisure activities for disadvantaged groups it is essential to consider both the sociological and psychological factors that may influence participation. A short stay excursion to a Melbourne Cup race can be used to highlight the complexities involved in providing equitable leisure opportunities that combat both low social class and disability. As this excursion will highlight, despite the psychological benefits of leisure, young people with a disability face multiple sociological barriersRead MoreThe Role Of Leisure Development For A Person During All Stages Of The Human Lifespan3441 Words   |  14 PagesCritically discuss the role of leisure in human development using one stage in the human lifespan. Intro Leisure plays a vital and important part in the human development of a person during all stages of the human lifespan. The key concepts that help define and form an understanding of leisure include: Experiences, self-expression, personality, commitment, need, identity, and constraint and motivation choices. These factors express that leisure helps an individual to develop their identity andRead MorePositive Outcomes Of Video Games1576 Words   |  7 PagesZaura Fadhliani Professor Lydia Elac 0023 November 24, 2014 Positive Outcomes of Video Games Video games are the fastest growing form of entertainment in the world and many adolescents play video games for hours every day. According to a survey conducted by Gallagher, 58% of Americans play video games and 43% of game players believe that computer and video games give them the most value for their money, compared with DVDs, music or going out to the movies (2-3). However, in the past few decadesRead MoreA Day Treatment For Psychiatric Patients1265 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment, detailed activities, and interact with the patients to set meaningful goals. Occupational Therapy is a profession that teaches meaningful, functional, and adaptive life skills. OT services can be beneficial to psychiatric patients because the negative cycle and disease is reversed by incorporating occupation. Early, Fourth Ed stated â€Å"Moral treatment was a pivotal stage in the development of psychiatry as a separate medical discipline (Page 4). Designed to benefit mentally ill patientsRead Mor eTourism Planning And Tourism Policies1035 Words   |  5 Pages the globalization and must to include everything tourist need it .tourism planning and facilities has to be attention to the local resident . It has involved the local process and what is the benefit for resident. The government should plan in the destination by providing accommodation, sport, leisure and recreation, transportation and different facilities. Country must to invest for different projects and must to see how to do this project , build strategic analysis, because this project manipulatedRead MoreWilderness Therapy : Outdoor Adventure Pursuits And Other Activities1658 Words   |  7 Pagesup yourself to learn so many things that can benefit you in growing up and maturing. Kids can change for the good if just given the opportunity to fully engage themselves leaning skills and positive characteristics. Everyone should have a chance to get a solid base underneath them and to strive for something higher than they can imagine. Sometimes youths need help overcoming a problem that they face and that is where recreation and nature can benefit them. Such few children are actually utilizingRead MoreLong-Term Effects of Global Tourism on Economy1742 Words   |  7 Pageseffects of global tourism on economy Tourism is the travel tour activities which provides travelers leisure facilities and service industry. And it is also a kind of leisure entertainment that has complex social phenomenon, involves the politics, economy, culture, history, geography, law, and other social fields. Generally speaking, tourism has a profound impact for the country. Tourism gradually has become a prevalent activity all over the world. Compared to 2009, there were 1002 million internationalRead MoreAmusement And Leisure Industries And Indoor Playground Sector1483 Words   |  6 PagesAMUSEMENT AND LEISURE INDUSTRIES OR INDOOR PLAYGROUND SECTOR Amusement centres include indoor play centres, amusement machine centres, mini-golf centres, go-kart venues and similar operations. At the end of June 2001, there were 288 businesses operating amusement centres in 384 locations. Most operations (236) were carried out at in capital cities and suburbs. Of the 384 locations, more than a third (138) were amusement machine centres. The amusement centres employed 2,793 people, the majority (61%)

Classical View of Modern Society A Comparison Free Essays

As we approach the third millennia, the world grows into complexity. The world is now on the modern era with different changes from its cultural and intellectual movements. The world is facing a modern enlightenment. We will write a custom essay sample on Classical View of Modern Society: A Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nonetheless, there were also some improvements on how the modern society works but there were also a lot of varied and complex problems and challenges that emerge. Although, many people still believe that man can solve these problems and overcome these challenges thru meaningful analysis and introspection. Some search the answer from the theories of classical philosophers. They believe that this world will not be on what it is now without these people. Yet, the question still lies on their validity of the assertion s of the philosophers. Are these assertions ad theories relevant and appropriate in the modern times? However, we and these philosophers have varied experiences. Yet, their in depth knowledge of society bids us to believe them and study them. Like Marx, who died a hundred years ago, still had many followers. Marx on his early age had observed the plight of the masses against the bourgeoisie in the capitalist society. He, just like Friedrich Nietzsche, believed in the reconstruction of the society and in redefining the role of an individual. He argued that man’s will was not due to his like or to his needs, rather, society dictated him on the things that he should like or he should need. Society and man interacted, so according to him there is a need that a society, in which a man lived, should be fair and would be the instrument on predisposing justice on all the people. Marx further asserted that not a man could claim that his existence is largely due to himself, but rather all people existed because of mutual relationship and interdependency. He believed that all humans are interconnected in various ways, such as a social network, that whatever one does would surely affect others. However, through out his life, Marx had commented on the ambiguity and the disorderliness of the society. He had seen and observed the resistance and struggles between the different classes or strata of the society. He had observe that people with equal classes such as the bourgeoisie formed an alliances with each others to further their ends. Marx had observed that somewhat there is a line or an immense gap that had divided the people from intermingling with each other. He asserted that there was a categorizing force that bonded people with equal social status. As a result, the proletariat class was oppressed and injustice was done to them. Oppressions, according to Marx, might trigger bloody civil revolutions, and unrest in the society would prevail. In order to prevent this from occurring, Marx proposed a communist society, as what he described in his book together with Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto. Engels, a co-author, deemed that the The Communist Manifesto was exclusively the product of Marx’s brilliance, and the book was Marx’s. In the book, Marx and Engels first summoned up history. In their exposition through the dialectic philosophy, they both expressed that in the world there existed two opposing forces[1]. They had described that there existed those who oppressed and those that were oppressed. The main point on which the The Communist Manifesto revolved was the establishment of a communist society. A communist society, as what both described is a liberated society were people are all treated equally. Moreover it is a society that does not discriminate nor classify people because social status is no longer in existence. Moreover, communism proposed a society wherein people will no longer acknowledge his or her possessions rather his or her properties belong to everyone. Marx and Engels further stressed the need for centralization and organization of all the properties and efforts of the state for a common ground. The book proposed equal sharing and division of labors, equal allotment of profits and income. Moreover, in the long run, Communism also believed in the diminishment of the state and its ruler because Marx believed that if an ideal society (communist society) existed, the people would no longer be in need of a facilitator or an organizer to dictate or facilitate living. According to them, the state would only serve as a guide meanwhile that a communist society is not yet achieved[2]. Meanwhile, another notable German philosopher was Max Weber, who unlike Marx traced the origin of capitalism and its role to the society. If one would read the title of Weber’s work and not the text, one may laugh because one cannot relate easily capitalism and the protestant ethic. However, Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism was a huge success because he had found sensible reasons on how the protestant ethic might have contributed to the origin of capitalism. Weber, who was considered one of the fathers of modern sociology, was very different as compared to Marx. Marx, although a Jewish, denounced the belief in the inexistence of God. He asserted that god does not shaped man according to his form, yet man conceptualized the absolute as a model- who is perfect and divine- due to his quest of attaining also that same stature. On the other hand, Weber had researched a lot on how religion had affected the life of man. He had wrote more descriptive and analytical essays after the The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. He had shown the effects of religion to the communal and shared cause of a society[3]. He had discussed that religious background define the wants and the needs of each person. For example, he had found out that the Hindus and the Buddhist were religious groups who taught that life is all about gaining material wealth or money. Yet they had other goals, like unity to the divine and freedom from the repeated cycle of rebirth. These assertions were parallel to the basis on how he analyzed the origin of capitalism. Weber asserted that he did not claim that all the reasons of the birth of capitalism were mainly due to the protestant. He just cited some evidences that verified and attested his claim. The Calvinist, a protestant sect, according to him had that attitude of pursuing material wealth and worldly success. This was because- according to him as Calvinist believed-was the manifestation of God’s grace to the Calvinist. The Calvinist believed that God showed many signs in this earthly being of what will be their destination in the afterlife. Calvinist believed that if God made them rich, there is a large possibility that they will not suffer eternal damnation in the future. So in connection with this, they find ways on how to improve their status in life usually wanting to beat their fellow Calvinists in terms of material wealth[4].  Ã‚   So Weber asserted that this kind s of attitudes triggered the start of capitalism. Weber also considered the fact that there was also other factor which determined the start of capitalism. However, Weber considered religion to be a very immense factor in shaping society. These considerations lead him to immense study about different religions and their roles in different society. Unlike Marx, Weber in his economic theories still saw the importance of social class and did not promote its abolition. Weber believed that man’s work and capabilities were different and varied from each other so he stated that each man’s achievement and wealth will surely be different from each other. He rejected the ideas of Marx, saying that such an ideal society is not achievable.   It was very clear in the opening of his essay, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, that he favored capitalism. However, Emile Durkheim, a modern sociologist, in his book the The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, argued that there are existing social facts that determined society. These social facts according to him were not related to an individual but were in existence and affect the entirety of life of an individual and the society as a whole. He is considered the father of modern sociology because of his endeavor to tackle society as purely sociology and away from psychology and philosophy. In his book, he described that religion is one of the social facts where an individual cannot go away from. In an individual’s search for identity and his role in the society, he is often confused with ethics and morality. Often, an individual was mystified on making decisions whether to do the good or to the bad. So Durkheim considered morality and ethics as one of the social facts that needed particular attention because most of an individual’s action was derived from them. In his book, he had expounded the role of religion on binding the individuals. He also described the collective morality that an individual received as he is affiliated to a certain religious group. He further his explanation saying that a religion was not simply based on the discernment of the right from the wrong, yet individuals learned the sacrosanct and the right by participating in worship and other religious activities. He described that these religious activities were the ones that defined the morality of an individual. Moreover, Marx, Weber and Durkheim seemed to have complementary views with regards to society and they have different ways on how they described its evolution and growth. However, all of them presented their ideas with concrete evidences and all of them deal with reality. However, Marxist view of society was very ideal and was very hard to attain. Specifically his propositions with regards to the abolition of the state and the thing which he said as common cause, those things were not achievable due to the existence of greed and self indulgence of an individual. However, Weber described that individual’s variety is the linking force that binds individuals. He discussed that there is no need to abolish the social leveling of individuals for abolishment will be an injustice to the capitalist or to those people who worked so hard in attaining their social status. Moreover, Durkheim agreed with Weber. Durkheim argued that education is the key in removing the self-indulgencies of an individual. He further asserted that education will limit the possession of an individual. Durkheim believed that proper education and discipline would hammer commitment and would foster the obligation of an individual to the society.   Durkheim’s assertion was well fitted and his arguments are most valid in terms of describing the modern society. Bibliography Bottomore, T (ed), Karl Marx, 3rd edn,Blackwell, Oxford, 1979. Geras, Norman,   The Controversy about Marx and Justice, in A. Callinicos (ed.), Marxist Theory, Oxford University Press, Oxford,1989. Kà ¤sler, D, Max Weber: An Introduction to his Life and Work, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1988. Là ¶with, K, Max Weber and Karl Marx, Allen Unwin, London, 1982 McLellan, D, Marx Before Marxism, Macmillan, London, 1970. Marx, K, ,F Engelsb M Malia, The Communist Manifesto. Signet Classic, New York, 1998. Weber, M, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Routledge, New York,1992. [1] T Bottomore, (ed), Karl Marx, 3rd edn,Blackwell, Oxford, 1979 pg.9. [2] Kostof, p. 18. [3] M Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Routledge, New York,1992, pg.3. [4]D Kà ¤sler, Max Weber: An Introduction to his Life and Work, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1988, pg 22. How to cite Classical View of Modern Society: A Comparison, Essay examples

Organizational Culture and Values Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Culture and Values. Answer: Normal challenges faced by the managers to manage their employees are with multi-focused objectives like organizational culture and values, selection of prioritized areas, productivity and improved work quality. Organizational culture and values Every organization runs with mission statement which includes vision, mission, objective and values. Vision always gives direction to the desired destination while mission points out the way to reach that destination. Objective gives the direction to desired level of achievement of the organization by application of corporate strategies while ethical view of the organization is fixed with the corporate values fixed by the organization. It is the duty of the manager to make the employee understand about these aspects as these are required to perform for the organization with the guideline fixed by the management. Ethical practice can be ensured through exercising of the values fixed by the organization while objective guides direction towards accomplishment of goal fixed by the organization. Managers role to make the employee understand the organizational culture and values plays a critical role in HR management as the same can make the team more efficient to perform their duties with ethical background and successful team spirit.(Mishra K, 2014) Selection of prioritized areas This area mainly emphasizes on the demand of the jobs with the availability of best possible resources provided by the organization. Every organization provides the set of useable resources to the employees by means of technological background, mechanical assistance, proposed fixation of targets with the available resources and these can be instrumental for the success of the organization. It is mostly found that employees should emphasize on the prioritized areas of the organization to understand what is to be accomplished by which resources. Manager is the best link in-between these two as he can make the employees understand about the achievable target by means of available resources. The more this can be critically made understood to the employees by the manager, the better the result expected from this effort. It is often found that the selection of prioritized areas can enhance the deliverable of the employees which the managers can only ensure through their effective communica tion to the employees.(Shaufeli, 2004) Productivity Productivity is the main domain of performance for the employees. Hence this area is to be prioritized with different activities by the managers. The set of targets for the employees are to be done in such way that they can find the same reachable. Good way to incentivize can be another way of getting the best result extractable from the employees. (Karanges E, 2015) Formation of an efficient team is more important with proper leadership which can only be ensured through the role of manager. Productivity of the organization can be ensured through fixation of time bound target along with the possible provision of training and technological resources for the employees enabling them to accomplish their targets. Most of the employees get confused of what is to be achieved as there are some super fictitious targets set for the employees. A good manager can come up with the leadership style which can convince the employees about their achievable target as well as the way to accomplish that through their effort. Manager has to play a positive role in this regard as he is the bridge between the organization and the employees so far the target or objective is concerned and he can fix the level of productivity to accomplish that target with the best possible utilization of available resources. (Carter WR, 2016) Improved work quality How improved work quality can be ensured is the question for the managers who handles the employees. There are different ways to look into it. Improved work quality can be ensured through introduction of better technological assistance or know how with proper implementation of the same. Manager can be instrumental in this regard as he is the leader of his team and accountable for the deliverance of the output from the employee. Better working condition can be another domain where the manager can ensure better feeling of the employees and thus can ensure the employees to keep them in their comfort zone to get the best result out of them. A good promotional approach in the form of acknowledgment of their efforts can ensure improved work quality of the organization which can only ensure the accomplishment of the organizational objective. Manager, being the leader can ensure that through his effort for the better work condition to improve work quality of the organization. Manager can mak e the situation best for the employees so far their accomplishment of target is concerned by enforcing certain measures which can lead to best possible outcome from the employees so far deliverable is concerned.(Tulgan, 2016) References: Carter WR, N.P.B.R.P.S.a.S., 2016. The effects of employee engagement and self efficiency on job performance, a longtitudinal feied study. The International Journal of Human Resoruce Managment. Karanges E, J.K.B.A.a.L.L., 2015. The Influence of internal communication on employee engagment: A pilot Study. Public Realtions Review , 41(1), pp.129-31. Mishra K, B.L.M.A., 2014. Driving Employee Engagement: The Expanded Role of Internal Communications. international journal of business communciations, Vol. 51(2) 183202. Shaufeli, B., 2004. Job Demands, Job Resoruces and their relationship woth burnout and engagment. Organziational behavior, 25(3). Tulgan, B., 2016. Six steps to improve employee work quality. [Online] Available at: https://www.ldphub.com/general-news/six-steps-to-improve-employee-work-quality-222096.aspx [Accessed 05 October 2017].